Which statement best describes the standard that justifies initiating a vehicle stop for suspected traffic violations?

• A. A gut feeling alone.
• B. A rumor from an anonymous source.
• C. A mere hunch with no facts.
• D. Reasonable suspicion of a traffic violation or criminal activity, supported by objective facts.

Answer: (D)

Initiating a vehicle stop is justified when the officer has reasonable suspicion that a traffic violation or criminal activity is occurring, and this suspicion must be based on objective, articulable facts. It isn’t enough to rely on a gut feeling, a rumor, or a vague hunch. The facts need to be things the officer can observe or reliably confirm—such as a driver running a stop sign, weaving or driving erratically, speeding, or a headlight out. Even information from a dispatcher or a tip can contribute if there are specifics (where, when, vehicle description) and the officer’s own observations corroborate them. This standard sits between a mere guess and probable cause, permitting a brief stop to investigate further and determine whether additional action is needed.