Which statement best describes the difference between probable cause and reasonable suspicion?

• A. Probable cause requires a fair probability that a crime has been or will be committed; reasonable suspicion requires a lower, more specific basis for stopping.
• B. Reasonable suspicion requires more evidence than probable cause.
• C. Both standards require the same level of evidence.
• D. Probable cause only applies to searches, not arrests.

Answer: (A)

Probable cause is the higher threshold: there must be a fair probability that a crime has been or will be committed, and it justifies arrests or warrants for searches. Reasonable suspicion is a lower, but still specific, standard used to justify a brief stop and investigation, based on articulable facts that lead a reasonable officer to believe something criminal may be afoot. This distinction explains why the statement is the best: one standard triggers a stop and investigation, the other justifies taking someone into custody or obtaining a warrant.